Mumps, also known as epidemic parotitis, is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands located between the jaw and the ears. Although it can occur at any age, it is more common in childhood and adolescence, particularly among those who have not been vaccinated. While generally a mild illness, mumps can lead to complications if not properly monitored.
Transmission occurs through saliva droplets expelled when speaking, coughing, or sneezing, as well as through contact with contaminated objects. The incubation period of the disease ranges from 14 to 25 days, and an infected person can spread the virus from a few days before symptoms appear until around nine days after their onset.
The first signs of mumps include fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches. However, the most characteristic symptom is swelling and pain in the parotid glands, which are responsible for saliva production. This swelling may occur on one or both sides of the face. Additionally, chewing and swallowing can become uncomfortable due to the inflammation.
Treatment for mumps is primarily symptomatic, as there is no specific medication to eliminate the virus. Rest, hydration, and the use of painkillers or antipyretics help relieve symptoms. In rare cases, the disease may lead to complications such as viral meningitis, encephalitis, inflammation of the testicles (orchitis), or inflammation of the ovaries (oophoritis), the latter potentially affecting fertility.
The main method of preventing mumps is vaccination. The MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, is part of the National Immunisation Programme and is administered in two doses, being highly effective in preventing the disease.
Although mumps is, in most cases, a self-limiting infection with a straightforward recovery, proper care is essential to prevent complications and reduce transmission. In case of suspected infection, seeking medical advice is crucial for appropriate monitoring.
23, April 2025